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Home/CWEs/CWE-59
Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-59: Link Following

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The product resolves symbolic or hard links without verifying the final target, enabling access outside intended files.

Abstraction
Base
OWASP Top 10
A01:2021 (#1)
Exploit Likelihood
Medium
Related CVEs
28

How to mitigate

Resolve and verify final link targets; use O_NOFOLLOW / openat-style APIs where available.

▪ References & documentation

https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/59.htmlNVD CWE listing

▪ How attackers exploit CWE-59

MITRE ATT&CK techniques associated with this weakness class (mapped via MITRE CAPEC). A vulnerability of this type could let an adversary carry out:

T1001Data Obfuscationcommand-and-controlT1027Obfuscated Files or InformationstealthT1218System Binary Proxy ExecutionstealthT1221Template InjectionstealthT1547Boot or Logon Autostart Executionpersistence · privilege-escalationT1548Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism

Step-by-step: how CWE-59 gets exploited

A stage-by-stage walkthrough of the attack, mapped to the real MITRE ATT&CK tactics for this weakness — what the attacker is trying to do, what's at risk (what can be stolen or damaged), and how you defend. Understanding the playbook is how you shut it down.

  1. 1
    Executionexecution

    Run attacker-chosen code or commands on the system.

    At risk / what's stolen

▪ Related CVEs

CVE-2025-54798Low

Security vulnerability in tmp

CVE-2009-1867Medium

Security vulnerability in air

CVE-2025-54798Low

Security vulnerability in tmp

CVE-2011-0541Low

Security vulnerability in fuse

CVE-2010-0789Low

Security vulnerability in fuse

CVE-2013-1888Low

Security vulnerability in pip

privilege-escalation
T1564Hide Artifactsstealth
T1574Hijack Execution Flowstealth · execution

Application logic and the host runtime — an attacker can execute arbitrary code or commands.

How you defend

Least-privilege runtime, sandboxing, and safe deserialization/parsing.

  • 2
    Persistencepersistence

    Stay in even after reboots, patches, or credential changes.

    At risk / what's stolen

    Startup hooks, scheduled tasks, config, and accounts the attacker can plant a backdoor in.

    How you defend

    Integrity monitoring of code, config, and scheduled tasks; short-lived credentials.

  • 3
    Privilege escalationprivilege-escalation

    Gain higher privileges — from a limited account to admin/root.

    At risk / what's stolen

    Over-permissioned services, weak file/permission boundaries, and setuid paths.

    How you defend

    Drop privileges, enforce least privilege, and lock down file permissions.

  • 4
    Command & controlcommand-and-control

    Keep a remote channel to control the compromised system.

    At risk / what's stolen

    Outbound network paths the attacker uses to receive commands and stage tools.

    How you defend

    Egress filtering, DNS/traffic monitoring, and blocking anomalous outbound connections.

  • This is a defensive, conceptual walkthrough for education — stages reflect MITRE ATT&CK tactics associated with this weakness class, not a working exploit. Not every attack uses every stage.

    CVE-2025-68146Critical

    Security vulnerability in filelock

    CVE-2026-22701High

    Security vulnerability in filelock

    CVE-2014-4199Medium

    Security vulnerability in tools

    CVE-2026-28684Medium

    Security vulnerability in python-dotenv

    CVE-2025-54798Low

    Security vulnerability in tmp

    CVE-2026-44471High

    Security vulnerability in gix-fs

    CVE-2026-15788High

    Security vulnerability in buildkit

    CVE-2011-3618High

    Security vulnerability in atop

    CVE-2026-44471High

    Security vulnerability in gix-fs

    CVE-2026-44471High

    Security vulnerability in gix-fs

    CVE-2026-44471High

    Security vulnerability in gix-fs

    CVE-2026-44471High

    Security vulnerability in gix-fs

    GHSA-52f5-9888-hmc6Low

    Security vulnerability in tmp

    CVE-2026-22702Medium

    Security vulnerability in virtualenv

    GHSA-w853-jp5j-5j7fMedium

    Security vulnerability in filelock

    CVE-2026-22701Medium

    Security vulnerability in filelock

    GHSA-mf9w-mj56-hr94Medium

    Security vulnerability in python-dotenv

    CVE-2021-26720High

    Security vulnerability in avahi

    CVE-2012-0786Low

    Security vulnerability in augeas

    CVE-2011-3632High

    Security vulnerability in hardlink

    CVE-2009-1867Medium

    Security vulnerability in air

    CVE-2026-39243Medium

    CVE-2026-39243